It does not necisarrily mean you will get the new firmware. There are still plenty of old firmware DS's on the shelves.
To check the firmware version you can do this:
http://www.neoflash.com/forum/index.php/topic,1565.0.htmlif it comes up yellow then you KNOW it is the new firmware.
MK2/3 will be able to boot without a GBA cart, provided:
1 - the firmware of the DS is updated with a custom flashme (not realized/released yet)
2 - the MK2/3 has been updated with the menu that supports this (not realized/released yet)
1) yes, you do. If you get a DS with the latest firmware. From what I understand, Japan ran out of DS's during christmas, and imported a bunch back in from the US. There is still a decent chance you would run into an old firmware on a new ds.
2) I dont advise plugging a MK into a Passme. It could damagae your DS, and probably wont work anyway.
3) You program (or get it programmed when you order it) passme2 to a game you own. You plug that game into it, and it into the DS. You program your flash cart with the proper SRAM file for the game you own. Then you can update your DS's firmware with flashme.
4) You can then run the menu off a GBA flash cart (for the time being) and run homebrew from the SD card.
Any way you look at it, you will need a GBA flash cart to at least update your firmware (to be able to run the MK3 menu directly, once that update is released).
MK4 has not been announced. Whether it will work like a passme2, or whether it will work as a DS cart is not known at this point. Anything is possible.